River level River Medway at East Farleigh Gate Upstream

Check for flood warnings in this area

Latest recorded level 1.24m at 9:30pm Monday 27 January 2020.

River levels at this location in the last 5 days

Now
▼

• Measured level
• When the water level reaches 1.71m here, minor flooding is possible in this area
• Highest recorded level. Hide
• Show highest recorded level

You're missing out. A graph should be visible here.
Upgrade your browser to see and use all the features of this service.

You're missing out. A graph should be visible here.

Javascript must be enabled.

Observed data

DateTime	Value	Error
2020-01-27T21:30Z	1.239	false
2020-01-27T21:15Z	1.178	false
2020-01-27T21:00Z	1.153	false
2020-01-27T20:45Z	1.152	false
2020-01-27T20:30Z	1.125	false
2020-01-27T20:15Z	1.163	false
2020-01-27T20:00Z	1.191	false
2020-01-27T19:45Z	1.254	false
2020-01-27T19:30Z	1.226	false
2020-01-27T19:15Z	1.186	false
2020-01-27T19:00Z	1.16	false
2020-01-27T18:45Z	1.231	false
2020-01-27T18:30Z	1.171	false
2020-01-27T18:15Z	1.147	false
2020-01-27T18:00Z	1.119	false
2020-01-27T17:45Z	1.144	false
2020-01-27T17:30Z	1.126	false
2020-01-27T17:15Z	1.174	false
2020-01-27T17:00Z	1.181	false
2020-01-27T16:45Z	1.179	false
2020-01-27T16:30Z	1.219	false
2020-01-27T16:15Z	1.19	false
2020-01-27T16:00Z	1.162	false
2020-01-27T15:45Z	1.225	false
2020-01-27T15:30Z	1.124	false
2020-01-27T15:30Z	1.124	false
2020-01-27T15:15Z	1.132	false
2020-01-27T15:00Z	1.136	false
2020-01-27T14:45Z	1.134	false
2020-01-27T14:30Z	1.144	false
2020-01-27T14:15Z	1.147	false
2020-01-27T14:00Z	1.148	false
2020-01-27T13:45Z	1.144	false
2020-01-27T13:30Z	1.174	false
2020-01-27T13:15Z	1.213	false
2020-01-27T13:00Z	1.257	false
2020-01-27T12:45Z	1.22	false
2020-01-27T12:30Z	1.198	false
2020-01-27T12:15Z	1.197	false
2020-01-27T12:00Z	1.194	false
2020-01-27T11:45Z	1.182	false
2020-01-27T11:30Z	1.187	false
2020-01-27T11:15Z	1.203	false
2020-01-27T11:00Z	1.313	false
2020-01-27T10:45Z	1.234	false
2020-01-27T10:30Z	1.198	false
2020-01-27T10:15Z	1.185	false
2020-01-27T10:00Z	1.161	false
2020-01-27T09:45Z	1.174	false
2020-01-27T09:30Z	1.169	false
2020-01-27T09:15Z	1.164	false
2020-01-27T09:00Z	1.187	false
2020-01-27T08:45Z	1.224	false
2020-01-27T08:30Z	1.261	false
2020-01-27T08:15Z	1.213	false
2020-01-27T08:00Z	1.201	false
2020-01-27T07:45Z	1.178	false
2020-01-27T07:30Z	1.189	false
2020-01-27T07:15Z	1.223	false
2020-01-27T07:00Z	1.299	false
2020-01-27T06:45Z	1.267	false
2020-01-27T06:30Z	1.22	false
2020-01-27T06:15Z	1.184	false
2020-01-27T06:00Z	1.198	false
2020-01-27T05:45Z	1.227	false
2020-01-27T05:30Z	1.305	false
2020-01-27T05:15Z	1.28	false
2020-01-27T05:00Z	1.267	false
2020-01-27T04:45Z	1.268	false
2020-01-27T04:30Z	1.252	false
2020-01-27T04:15Z	1.24	false
2020-01-27T04:00Z	1.236	false
2020-01-27T03:45Z	1.218	false
2020-01-27T03:30Z	1.205	false
2020-01-27T03:15Z	1.192	false
2020-01-27T03:00Z	1.21	false
2020-01-27T02:45Z	1.301	false
2020-01-27T02:30Z	1.267	false
2020-01-27T02:15Z	1.233	false
2020-01-27T02:00Z	1.206	false
2020-01-27T01:45Z	1.177	false
2020-01-27T01:30Z	1.182	false
2020-01-27T01:15Z	1.306	false
2020-01-27T01:00Z	1.271	false
2020-01-27T00:45Z	1.253	false
2020-01-27T00:30Z	1.248	false
2020-01-27T00:15Z	1.218	false
2020-01-27T00:00Z	1.189	false
2020-01-26T23:45Z	1.204	false
2020-01-26T23:30Z	1.252	false
2020-01-26T23:15Z	1.271	false
2020-01-26T23:00Z	1.258	false
2020-01-26T22:45Z	1.258	false
2020-01-26T22:30Z	1.234	false
2020-01-26T22:15Z	1.196	false
2020-01-26T22:00Z	1.209	false
2020-01-26T21:45Z	1.208	false
2020-01-26T21:30Z	1.187	false
2020-01-26T21:15Z	1.181	false
2020-01-26T21:00Z	1.194	false
2020-01-26T20:45Z	1.282	false
2020-01-26T20:30Z	1.255	false
2020-01-26T20:15Z	1.263	false
2020-01-26T20:00Z	1.272	false
2020-01-26T19:45Z	1.248	false
2020-01-26T19:30Z	1.235	false
2020-01-26T19:15Z	1.252	false
2020-01-26T19:00Z	1.256	false
2020-01-26T18:45Z	1.238	false
2020-01-26T18:30Z	1.234	false
2020-01-26T18:15Z	1.246	false
2020-01-26T18:00Z	1.254	false
2020-01-26T17:45Z	1.233	false
2020-01-26T17:30Z	1.225	false
2020-01-26T17:15Z	1.242	false
2020-01-26T17:00Z	1.252	false
2020-01-26T16:45Z	1.227	false
2020-01-26T16:30Z	1.231	false
2020-01-26T16:15Z	1.242	false
2020-01-26T16:00Z	1.259	false
2020-01-26T15:45Z	1.234	false
2020-01-26T15:30Z	1.224	false
2020-01-26T15:15Z	1.242	false
2020-01-26T15:00Z	1.246	false
2020-01-26T14:45Z	1.223	false
2020-01-26T14:30Z	1.221	false
2020-01-26T14:15Z	1.231	false
2020-01-26T14:00Z	1.241	false
2020-01-26T13:45Z	1.226	false
2020-01-26T13:30Z	1.211	false
2020-01-26T13:15Z	1.217	false
2020-01-26T13:00Z	1.232	false
2020-01-26T12:45Z	1.228	false
2020-01-26T12:30Z	1.2	false
2020-01-26T12:15Z	1.208	false
2020-01-26T12:00Z	1.219	false
2020-01-26T11:45Z	1.208	false
2020-01-26T11:30Z	1.189	false
2020-01-26T11:15Z	1.2	false
2020-01-26T11:00Z	1.213	false
2020-01-26T10:45Z	1.201	false
2020-01-26T10:30Z	1.192	false
2020-01-26T10:15Z	1.202	false
2020-01-26T10:00Z	1.201	false
2020-01-26T09:45Z	1.251	false
2020-01-26T09:30Z	1.283	false
2020-01-26T09:15Z	1.277	false
2020-01-26T09:00Z	1.249	false
2020-01-26T08:45Z	1.187	false
2020-01-26T08:30Z	1.2	false
2020-01-26T08:15Z	1.224	false
2020-01-26T08:00Z	1.229	false
2020-01-26T07:45Z	1.204	false
2020-01-26T07:30Z	1.217	false
2020-01-26T07:15Z	1.23	false
2020-01-26T07:00Z	1.241	false
2020-01-26T06:45Z	1.213	false
2020-01-26T06:30Z	1.212	false
2020-01-26T06:15Z	1.221	false
2020-01-26T06:00Z	1.226	false
2020-01-26T05:45Z	1.193	false
2020-01-26T05:30Z	1.204	false
2020-01-26T05:15Z	1.215	false
2020-01-26T05:00Z	1.222	false
2020-01-26T04:45Z	1.197	false
2020-01-26T04:30Z	1.207	false
2020-01-26T04:15Z	1.215	false
2020-01-26T04:00Z	1.216	false
2020-01-26T03:45Z	1.188	false
2020-01-26T03:30Z	1.196	false
2020-01-26T03:15Z	1.175	false
2020-01-26T03:00Z	1.206	false
2020-01-26T02:45Z	1.209	false
2020-01-26T02:30Z	1.259	false
2020-01-26T02:15Z	1.306	false
2020-01-26T02:00Z	1.273	false
2020-01-26T01:45Z	1.206	false
2020-01-26T01:30Z	1.194	false
2020-01-26T01:15Z	1.181	false
2020-01-26T01:00Z	1.206	false
2020-01-26T00:45Z	1.297	false
2020-01-26T00:30Z	1.306	false
2020-01-26T00:15Z	1.284	false
2020-01-26T00:00Z	1.249	false
2020-01-25T23:45Z	1.182	false
2020-01-25T23:30Z	1.178	false
2020-01-25T23:15Z	1.231	false
2020-01-25T23:00Z	1.252	false
2020-01-25T22:45Z	1.311	false
2020-01-25T22:30Z	1.305	false
2020-01-25T22:15Z	1.288	false
2020-01-25T22:00Z	1.234	false
2020-01-25T21:45Z	1.189	false
2020-01-25T21:30Z	1.192	false
2020-01-25T21:15Z	1.247	false
2020-01-25T21:00Z	1.261	false
2020-01-25T20:45Z	1.319	false
2020-01-25T20:30Z	1.309	false
2020-01-25T20:15Z	1.289	false
2020-01-25T20:00Z	1.228	false
2020-01-25T19:45Z	1.199	false
2020-01-25T19:30Z	1.218	false
2020-01-25T19:15Z	1.218	false
2020-01-25T19:00Z	1.195	false
2020-01-25T18:45Z	1.214	false
2020-01-25T18:30Z	1.223	false
2020-01-25T18:15Z	1.218	false
2020-01-25T18:00Z	1.203	false
2020-01-25T17:45Z	1.212	false
2020-01-25T17:30Z	1.228	false
2020-01-25T17:15Z	1.222	false
2020-01-25T17:00Z	1.202	false
2020-01-25T16:45Z	1.219	false
2020-01-25T16:30Z	1.228	false
2020-01-25T16:15Z	1.211	false
2020-01-25T16:00Z	1.198	false
2020-01-25T15:45Z	1.216	false
2020-01-25T15:30Z	1.226	false
2020-01-25T15:15Z	1.207	false
2020-01-25T15:00Z	1.203	false
2020-01-25T14:45Z	1.216	false
2020-01-25T14:30Z	1.222	false
2020-01-25T14:15Z	1.203	false
2020-01-25T14:00Z	1.202	false
2020-01-25T13:45Z	1.216	false
2020-01-25T13:30Z	1.226	false
2020-01-25T13:15Z	1.21	false
2020-01-25T13:00Z	1.209	false
2020-01-25T12:45Z	1.234	false
2020-01-25T12:30Z	1.235	false
2020-01-25T12:15Z	1.219	false
2020-01-25T12:00Z	1.212	false
2020-01-25T11:45Z	1.235	false
2020-01-25T11:30Z	1.243	false
2020-01-25T11:15Z	1.22	false
2020-01-25T11:00Z	1.223	false
2020-01-25T10:45Z	1.236	false
2020-01-25T10:30Z	1.239	false
2020-01-25T10:15Z	1.217	false
2020-01-25T10:00Z	1.232	false
2020-01-25T09:45Z	1.251	false
2020-01-25T09:30Z	1.261	false
2020-01-25T09:15Z	1.244	false
2020-01-25T09:00Z	1.247	false
2020-01-25T08:45Z	1.269	false
2020-01-25T08:30Z	1.264	false
2020-01-25T08:15Z	1.239	false
2020-01-25T08:00Z	1.239	false
2020-01-25T07:45Z	1.254	false
2020-01-25T07:30Z	1.249	false
2020-01-25T07:15Z	1.226	false
2020-01-25T07:00Z	1.235	false
2020-01-25T06:45Z	1.253	false
2020-01-25T06:30Z	1.248	false
2020-01-25T06:15Z	1.229	false
2020-01-25T06:00Z	1.234	false
2020-01-25T05:45Z	1.251	false
2020-01-25T05:30Z	1.226	false
2020-01-25T05:15Z	1.205	false
2020-01-25T05:00Z	1.212	false
2020-01-25T04:45Z	1.217	false
2020-01-25T04:30Z	1.294	false
2020-01-25T04:15Z	1.323	false
2020-01-25T04:00Z	1.309	false
2020-01-25T03:45Z	1.29	false
2020-01-25T03:30Z	1.241	false
2020-01-25T03:15Z	1.215	false
2020-01-25T03:00Z	1.235	false
2020-01-25T02:45Z	1.225	false
2020-01-25T02:30Z	1.21	false
2020-01-25T02:15Z	1.225	false
2020-01-25T02:00Z	1.238	false
2020-01-25T01:45Z	1.228	false
2020-01-25T01:30Z	1.222	false
2020-01-25T01:15Z	1.24	false
2020-01-25T01:00Z	1.247	false
2020-01-25T00:45Z	1.239	false
2020-01-25T00:30Z	1.226	false
2020-01-25T00:15Z	1.252	false
2020-01-25T00:00Z	1.251	false
2020-01-24T23:45Z	1.232	false
2020-01-24T23:30Z	1.229	false
2020-01-24T23:15Z	1.247	false
2020-01-24T23:00Z	1.249	false
2020-01-24T22:45Z	1.228	false
2020-01-24T22:30Z	1.237	false
2020-01-24T22:15Z	1.256	false
2020-01-24T22:00Z	1.258	false
2020-01-24T21:45Z	1.226	false
2020-01-24T21:30Z	1.248	false
2020-01-24T21:15Z	1.263	false
2020-01-24T21:00Z	1.252	false
2020-01-24T20:45Z	1.232	false
2020-01-24T20:30Z	1.247	false
2020-01-24T20:15Z	1.26	false
2020-01-24T20:00Z	1.247	false
2020-01-24T19:45Z	1.236	false
2020-01-24T19:30Z	1.258	false
2020-01-24T19:15Z	1.267	false
2020-01-24T19:00Z	1.24	false
2020-01-24T18:45Z	1.237	false
2020-01-24T18:30Z	1.258	false
2020-01-24T18:15Z	1.266	false
2020-01-24T18:00Z	1.233	false
2020-01-24T17:45Z	1.243	false
2020-01-24T17:30Z	1.255	false
2020-01-24T17:15Z	1.26	false
2020-01-24T17:00Z	1.227	false
2020-01-24T16:45Z	1.24	false
2020-01-24T16:30Z	1.257	false
2020-01-24T16:15Z	1.249	false
2020-01-24T16:00Z	1.215	false
2020-01-24T15:45Z	1.23	false
2020-01-24T15:30Z	1.25	false
2020-01-24T15:15Z	1.234	false
2020-01-24T15:00Z	1.215	false
2020-01-24T14:45Z	1.23	false
2020-01-24T14:30Z	1.243	false
2020-01-24T14:15Z	1.229	false
2020-01-24T14:00Z	1.215	false
2020-01-24T13:45Z	1.234	false
2020-01-24T13:30Z	1.251	false
2020-01-24T13:15Z	1.23	false
2020-01-24T13:00Z	1.22	false
2020-01-24T12:45Z	1.24	false
2020-01-24T12:30Z	1.245	false
2020-01-24T12:15Z	1.227	false
2020-01-24T12:00Z	1.222	false
2020-01-24T11:45Z	1.238	false
2020-01-24T11:30Z	1.242	false
2020-01-24T11:15Z	1.21	false
2020-01-24T11:00Z	1.216	false
2020-01-24T10:45Z	1.234	false
2020-01-24T10:30Z	1.219	false
2020-01-24T10:15Z	1.194	false
2020-01-24T10:00Z	1.207	false
2020-01-24T09:45Z	1.193	false
2020-01-24T09:30Z	1.202	false
2020-01-24T09:15Z	1.212	false
2020-01-24T09:00Z	1.262	false
2020-01-24T08:45Z	1.313	false
2020-01-24T08:30Z	1.257	false
2020-01-24T08:15Z	1.202	false
2020-01-24T08:00Z	1.216	false
2020-01-24T07:45Z	1.23	false
2020-01-24T07:30Z	1.205	false
2020-01-24T07:15Z	1.193	false
2020-01-24T07:00Z	1.237	false
2020-01-24T06:45Z	1.276	false
2020-01-24T06:30Z	1.285	false
2020-01-24T06:15Z	1.263	false
2020-01-24T06:00Z	1.262	false
2020-01-24T05:45Z	1.25	false
2020-01-24T05:30Z	1.216	false
2020-01-24T05:15Z	1.197	false
2020-01-24T05:00Z	1.218	false
2020-01-24T04:45Z	1.227	false
2020-01-24T04:30Z	1.214	false
2020-01-24T04:15Z	1.206	false
2020-01-24T04:00Z	1.22	false
2020-01-24T03:45Z	1.226	false
2020-01-24T03:30Z	1.2	false
2020-01-24T03:15Z	1.206	false
2020-01-24T03:00Z	1.224	false
2020-01-24T02:45Z	1.22	false
2020-01-24T02:30Z	1.195	false
2020-01-24T02:15Z	1.21	false
2020-01-24T02:00Z	1.232	false
2020-01-24T01:45Z	1.22	false
2020-01-24T01:30Z	1.211	false
2020-01-24T01:15Z	1.234	false
2020-01-24T01:00Z	1.247	false
2020-01-24T00:45Z	1.234	false
2020-01-24T00:30Z	1.218	false
2020-01-24T00:15Z	1.238	false
2020-01-24T00:00Z	1.242	false
2020-01-23T23:45Z	1.225	false
2020-01-23T23:30Z	1.216	false
2020-01-23T23:15Z	1.23	false
2020-01-23T23:00Z	1.239	false
2020-01-23T22:45Z	1.215	false
2020-01-23T22:30Z	1.216	false
2020-01-23T22:15Z	1.234	false
2020-01-23T22:00Z	1.238	false
2020-01-23T21:45Z	1.219	false
2020-01-23T21:30Z	1.214	false
2020-01-23T21:15Z	1.236	false
2020-01-23T21:00Z	1.229	false
2020-01-23T20:45Z	1.202	false
2020-01-23T20:30Z	1.21	false
2020-01-23T20:15Z	1.231	false
2020-01-23T20:00Z	1.224	false
2020-01-23T19:45Z	1.192	false
2020-01-23T19:30Z	1.211	false
2020-01-23T19:15Z	1.224	false
2020-01-23T19:00Z	1.221	false
2020-01-23T18:45Z	1.193	false
2020-01-23T18:30Z	1.203	false
2020-01-23T18:15Z	1.216	false
2020-01-23T18:00Z	1.25	false
2020-01-23T17:45Z	1.32	false
2020-01-23T17:30Z	1.305	false
2020-01-23T17:15Z	1.296	false
2020-01-23T17:00Z	1.261	false
2020-01-23T16:45Z	1.209	false
2020-01-23T16:30Z	1.197	false
2020-01-23T16:15Z	1.194	false
2020-01-23T16:00Z	1.225	false
2020-01-23T15:45Z	1.311	false
2020-01-23T15:30Z	1.305	false
2020-01-23T15:15Z	1.293	false
2020-01-23T15:00Z	1.245	false
2020-01-23T14:45Z	1.185	false
2020-01-23T14:30Z	1.188	false
2020-01-23T14:15Z	1.239	false
2020-01-23T14:00Z	1.257	false
2020-01-23T13:45Z	1.316	false
2020-01-23T13:30Z	1.304	false
2020-01-23T13:15Z	1.294	false
2020-01-23T13:00Z	1.24	false
2020-01-23T12:45Z	1.188	false
2020-01-23T12:30Z	1.188	false
2020-01-23T12:15Z	1.239	false
2020-01-23T12:00Z	1.258	false
2020-01-23T11:45Z	1.31	false
2020-01-23T11:30Z	1.305	false
2020-01-23T11:15Z	1.279	false
2020-01-23T11:00Z	1.235	false
2020-01-23T10:45Z	1.191	false
2020-01-23T10:30Z	1.202	false
2020-01-23T10:15Z	1.247	false
2020-01-23T10:00Z	1.273	false
2020-01-23T09:45Z	1.31	false
2020-01-23T09:30Z	1.31	false
2020-01-23T09:15Z	1.283	false
2020-01-23T09:00Z	1.223	false
2020-01-23T08:45Z	1.199	false
2020-01-23T08:30Z	1.213	false
2020-01-23T08:15Z	1.252	false
2020-01-23T08:00Z	1.278	false
2020-01-23T07:45Z	1.321	false
2020-01-23T07:30Z	1.311	false
2020-01-23T07:15Z	1.284	false
2020-01-23T07:00Z	1.238	false
2020-01-23T06:45Z	1.197	false
2020-01-23T06:30Z	1.219	false
2020-01-23T06:15Z	1.229	false
2020-01-23T06:00Z	1.216	false
2020-01-23T05:45Z	1.212	false
2020-01-23T05:30Z	1.316	false
2020-01-23T05:15Z	1.315	false
2020-01-23T05:00Z	1.275	false
2020-01-23T04:45Z	1.228	false
2020-01-23T04:30Z	1.199	false
2020-01-23T04:15Z	1.217	false
2020-01-23T04:00Z	1.217	false
2020-01-23T03:45Z	1.212	false
2020-01-23T03:30Z	1.204	false
2020-01-23T03:15Z	1.226	false
2020-01-23T03:00Z	1.3	false
2020-01-23T02:45Z	1.302	false
2020-01-23T02:30Z	1.253	false
2020-01-23T02:15Z	1.224	false
2020-01-23T02:00Z	1.215	false
2020-01-23T01:45Z	1.204	false
2020-01-23T01:30Z	1.205	false
2020-01-23T01:15Z	1.21	false
2020-01-23T01:00Z	1.213	false
2020-01-23T00:45Z	1.202	false
2020-01-23T00:30Z	1.201	false
2020-01-23T00:15Z	1.333	false
2020-01-23T00:00Z	1.295	false
2020-01-22T23:45Z	1.261	false
2020-01-22T23:30Z	1.231	false
2020-01-22T23:15Z	1.205	false
2020-01-22T23:00Z	1.237	false
2020-01-22T22:45Z	1.254	false
2020-01-22T22:30Z	1.237	false
2020-01-22T22:15Z	1.219	false
2020-01-22T22:00Z	1.24	false
2020-01-22T21:45Z	1.251	false
2020-01-22T21:30Z	1.244	false
2020-01-22T21:15Z	1.23	false
2020-01-22T21:00Z	1.231	false
2020-01-22T20:45Z	1.257	false
2020-01-22T20:30Z	1.254	false
2020-01-22T20:15Z	1.235	false
2020-01-22T20:00Z	1.251	false
2020-01-22T19:45Z	1.273	false
2020-01-22T19:30Z	1.276	false
2020-01-22T19:15Z	1.256	false
2020-01-22T19:00Z	1.264	false
2020-01-22T18:45Z	1.284	false
2020-01-22T18:30Z	1.282	false
2020-01-22T18:15Z	1.25	false

Forecast data

Key information

• Station name: East Farleigh Gate Upstream
• Station ID: 1069
• River name: River Medway
• Typical range: 1.16m to 1.71m
• Highest level on record: 4.02m on 31 October 2000
• Site datum: 3.99mAOD (what does this mean?)

How are river levels measured?

The Environment agency uses a network of monitoring stations across the country. Each one has its own datum - a height in metres fixed relative to mean sea level. This height is expressed as metres above ordnance datum (mAOD). The river levels we provide for each monitoring station are all relative to its site datum.

If we didn't do this, we'd show some very high measurements, which could cause confusion. By using a local site datum, the river levels are easier to understand, especially by users familiar with the data from a particular monitoring station.

A river's height above ordnance datum can be seen by adding the site datum to the river level.

How often are river levels measured?

We use measuring stations like this one to collect water level data, usually once or twice a day. We collect data more frequently when there's a greater risk of flooding. That's why the graph might show a short time lag since the last measurement.

How might river levels affect flood risk?

Typical range

This is the usual range of river levels at this station, based on historical data.

Above typical

This means that flooding is possible because river levels at this station are currently higher than usual.
Many factors can influence the possibility of flooding - river levels are only one indicator. Always check if there's a flood warning in place at a particular location.

Below typical

This means that river levels at this station are currently lower than usual.
Drought or water management measures may be in place. Please check for the latest information on water resources and restrictions in your area.

• View nearby measuring stations

• View the flood information service for England
• View your property's long term risk of flooding

Share this page

• Twitter
• Facebook
• Email